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STem Cells Science

Using stem cells for treating injuries

Having a clear understanding of what Regenerative Medicine is and what it is used to treat is essential to understanding why stem cells are used to treat diseases and different medical conditions.

According to the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR, for its abbreviation in English), regenerative medicine is a vanguard branch of medicine that emerges out of interdisciplinary research that combines a wide range of disciplines including cell biology, tissue engineering, gene therapy, cell therapy, cell immunotherapy, 3D bioprinting, exosome therapy, among others.

The purpose of regenerative medicine is to help restore the functionality of the tissues by repairing, replacing, or regenerating them in various kinds of conditions by stimulating and enhancing the body’s own natural healing abilities in order to enhance their self-healing capabilities.

Under the medical supervision of Dr. Karolynn Halpert, BioXcellerator Colombia is one of the world’s leading institutions in the application of cellular therapies. A pioneer in its field, BioXcellerator Colombia meets the highest standards of quality, human resources, commitment, and cutting-edge technologies.

What are stem cells?

There are thousands of different types of cells in the human body that perform specific functions and contribute to the body’s overall function. Our bodies are made up of hundreds of different types of cells that keep our bodies functioning every day. Among these are the stem cells, which are the suppliers of all the new cells that are responsible for the regeneration of tissues, thus maintaining the healthy body.

Cells that have the ability to divide and differentiate into different types of specialized cells makes them a very valuable factor in medical research and treatment, as they are able to divide and differentiate into various types of specialized cells.

The stem cells are responsible for producing new cells in the body. The stem cells are the cells that are capable of producing more of themselves or other types of cells, depending on whether they are divided. As an example, they can create more skin stem cells, or they can create differentiated skin cells that are responsible for specific tasks, like the production of melanin.

Characteristics and properties of MSC (medical signalling cells)

  • The capacity to generate new healthy cells and replace the damaged or dead ones.
  • They are found throughout the body.
  • Its main function is to replace old or damaged cells with new ones.
  • They can produce a variety of types of cells.
  • They produce growth factors that stimulate the regeneration of injured or diseased organs.
  • They have the capacity to migrate to the affected site through the release of inflammation.

STEM CELLS WORK WITH THE FOLLOWING MECHANISMS:

  • Stimulate the stem cells to differentiate
  • Regulate the immune response
  • Secrete growth factors

Where Do Stem Cell Came From?

As far as stem cells are concerned, they can be taken from many different tissues, including fat, bone marrow, umbilical cord cells, umbilical cord blood, dental pulp, and many more. There are several ways in which the stem cells of an individual can be expanded and cultured in BioXcellerator’s Cell Bank, resulting in a larger number of high quality cells that can then be reintroduced into the individual via various routes, according to their condition.

Using cells derived from adipose tissue, bone marrow, or the umbilical cord has a number of unique advantages, among them the ease with which they can be obtained, the fact that they are immune-reactive, the fact that they are available immediately, and the fact that there is minimal risk of complications, infections, or disabilities.

Through the secretion of bioactive molecules, stem cells can act on the body. Medicinal Signaling Cells (MSC), for its acronym in English, was proposed by Dr. Arnold Caplan, one of the pioneers in the field of mesenchymal stem cells and adjudicator of its name in the field of mesenchymal stem cells, to rename these cells as medicinal signaling cells (MSC), because the most important function of these cells is the secretion of various factors.

TYPES OF STEM CELLS

According to their origin:

  • They are cells that can be isolated from any human, regardless of their age. They can be found in many areas of the body, but remain dormant until they are triggered to regenerate or repair a damaged area.
  • They are found in fetuses more than 5 days old, and from them, all the cells and organs of the fetus are developed. They are the most researched, but raise ethical concerns, so their use is prohibited in most countries.
  • They are obtained from discarded parts of a birth, such as: the amniotic sac, the amniotic liquid, the placental, the umbilicus, the umbilical cord, and the Wharton’s jelly.
  • They are reprogrammed or iPS, which are adult cells that have been forced by genetic manipulation to revert to the characteristics of an embryo. Their main drawback is that they are genetically altered, so they may be unstable.

According to the patient:

  • There are two types of autologous tissue: those that are inherited and those that are acquired.
  • An allogeneic organism is an organism derived from different individuals from a single species
  • In a xenogenic environment, a species is differentiated from another species

According to their potential:

  • Totipotent: They have the ability to form a complete body. They are not used in clinical practice.
  • Pluripotent: They can develop any cell type. They are obtained from embryos or reprogrammed cells. They are not used clinically because of ethical issues and the risk of tumor formation, respectively. Very widely used in scientific research.
  • Multipotent: They are called tissue-specific or adult stem cells that can generate any tissue type. They are used for clinical applications.

Types of stem cells most used

  • Mesenchymal Stem Cell
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cells 

STEM CELL THERAPY

A cell therapy method is used to treat diseases by introducing new cells to the body in order to fix or repair existing damage. The therapy entails the use of a wide variety of types of cells, among which are stem cells, which have regenerative, reparative, protective, or immunoregulatory properties.

It has been shown that cell therapy is very promising, even potentially curable, as compared to many traditional treatments, which can be quite expensive and come with side effects, which do not address the cause, but rather the symptoms. In other countries around the world, cell therapy is already being used with great success and research is becoming more hopeful and accurate, however very few clinics offer cell therapy that is legally approved.

It has been proven that most commonly used stem cells come from the umbilical cord, bone marrow, adipose tissue, and Wharton’s gelatin. In order for the medical team to treat the patient’s condition or disease effectively, they should be well versed in the patient’s condition, possible treatment options, and evidence that they are going to be able to achieve a successful outcome by following the recommended steps.

ADVANTAGES

  • It has few possibilities of generating rejection by the organism.
  • It is an alternative to conventional treatments for conditions like neurodegenerative disorders, which do not have effective treatments.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) provide treatments that have the possibility of recovery or improvement of the patients’ quality of life.
  • They can reverse the disease or slow down its progression.
  • The mesenchymal stem cells of fat tissue and bone marrow are extracted through minimally invasive and risk-free procedures, with local anesthetic.
  • The WJ (Wharton jelly) MSCs of the umbilical cord are immediately available in the bioxcelerator cell culture laboratory, avoiding the necessity of going through a surgical operation for its extraction.
  • They may be used for rejuvenating or anti-ageing treatments.
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